A 16th CENTURY INDIAN QUEEN WHO STRUCK TERROR IN THE HEARTS OF THE PORTUGESE
🌹A 16th Century Queen Of Karnataka’s Ullal who dared to challenge Portuguese power, defeated them in battle many times, formed alliances with Arabs, Zamorins and Turks in the end only to be betrayed by her own!
🌹Rani Abbakka and her heroic battle to save Ullal and destroy the Portuguese should have been standard reading material for all school children nationwide!
🌹She is Rani Lakshmibai multiplied tenfold in that she challenged the maritime power of the Portuguese and was able to defeat them in naval actions at least thrice (one was a draw)
🌹In the end Rani Abbakka’s fate would find reflection 300 years later in the way Lakshmibai was betrayed, isolated and martyred fighting to the last bullet, last Sabre, last man (with only her 51 Pathan bodyguards at her side)
🌹So why wasn’t I taught this in school?
🌹Why has Bollywood never thought of making a movie on the Queen that struck terror into the hearts of the Portuguese marauaders?
🌹In Dakshina Kannada’s Bantwal taluk, a historian has erected a museum in the memory of a 16th-century warrior queen. The man behind the museum, called Tulu Baduku Museum, is Prof. Thukaram Poojary and his subject is Rani Abbakka Chowta of Ullal.
🌹The only woman in history to confront, fight and repeatedly defeat the Portuguese, Rani Abbakka’s unflagging courage and indomitable spirit are at par with the legendary Rani Laxmi Bai of Jhansi, Rani Rudramma Devi of Warangal and Rani Chennamma of Kittur.
🌹In 1526, the Portuguese captured the Mangalore port. Their next target was Ullal, a thriving port town that lay nestled between the verdant peaks of the Western Ghats and the cerulean blue waters of the Arabian Sea.
Ullal was the capital of the Chowta king Thirumala Raya III.
🌹Feudatories of the Vijayanagar kingdom, the Chowtas were Jain kings who had originally migrated to Tulu Nadu (a province consisting of present-day Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka, portions of Udupi and Kasargod district in Kerala) from Gujarat in the 12th century.
🌹As the Chowtas were a matrilineal dynasty, the king’s heir was his young niece, Abbakka. The fiercely independent princess had been trained in sword fighting, archery, cavalry, military strategy, diplomacy and all other subjects of statecraft from a very young age. As such, when Abbakka was crowned the Queen of Ullal, she was deeply aware of the threat posed by the Portuguese presence on the coast and equally determined to resist it with all she had.
🌹Before his death, Thirumala Raya III had arranged a strategic marriage alliance for Abbakka with Lakshmappa Bangaraja, the ruler of Mangalore.
🌹As the ruler of Ullal, Rani Abbakka continued to live in her own home even after marriage and the couple’s three children stayed with her.
🌹However, the marriage broke down when Bangaraja compromised with the Portuguese.
🌹With an eye on Ullal’s trade (that had flourished under the Queen’s able leadership), the Portuguese had been trying to exact tributes and taxes from Rani Abbakka. Incensed and exasperated at the unfair demands, she refused to accede to the Portuguese demands.
🌹Her ships continued to trade with the Arabs despite attacks by the Portuguese. From Mogaveeras and Billava archers to Mappilah oars men, people of all castes and religions found a place in her army and navy.
🌹Infuriated by her effrontery, the Portuguese began attacking Ullal repeatedly.The first battle took place in the year 1556, with the Portuguese fleet being commanded by Admiral Don Alvaro de Silveira, and ended in an uneasy truce.
🌹Two years later, the Portuguese attacked with a larger force and were able to ransack the settlement at Ullal to some extent
🌹However, Rani Abbakka’s masterful battle tactics and diplomatic strategy (she collaborated with Arab Moors and Zamorin of Kozhikode) pushed them back once again.
🌹During the next battle, the Portuguese army under General Joao Peixoto attacked Ullal and managed to capture the royal palace. However, Rani Abbakka escaped before they could capture her.
🌹Along with 200 loyal soldiers, she raided the Portuguese in the dead of night and killed the general along with 70 of his soldiers.
🌹Frightened by the ferocity of the attack, the remaining Portuguese troops fled to their ships
By this time, the Portuguese had become alarmed about Rani Abbakka’s growing reputation inspiring other rulers. When repeated frontal attacks didn’t work, they resorted to treachery. A series of edicts were passed to make any alliance with the defiant queen illegal.
🌹Her husband, Bangaraja of Mangalore, was also warned against sending any aid to Ullal under the threat of burning his capital.
🌹Yet, Rani Abbakka continued to dismiss these rulings with contempt and scorn. The stunned Portuguese now decided to send Anthony D’ Noronha (the Portuguese Viceroy of Goa) to attack Ullal. In 1581, 3000 Portuguese troops supported by an armada of battleships attacked Ullal in a surprise pre-dawn attack.
🌹Rani Abbakka was returning from a visit to her family temple and was caught off guard but she immediately mounted her horse and rode into the battle, leading her troops in a fierce counter-offensive.
🌹Her piercing battle cry – “Save the motherland. Fight them on land and the sea. Fight them on the streets and the beaches. Push them back to the waters”, echoed through winds as she and her soldiers fired flaming arrows at the Portuguese ships.
🌹While many of the ships in the Portuguese armada burnt that night, Rani Abbakka was wounded in the crossfire and was captured by the enemy with the help of a few bribed chieftains.
🌹Rebellious till the very end, the fearless queen breathed her last in captivity. However, her legacy lived on through her equally fierce and brave daughters who continued to defend Tulu Nadu from the Portuguese.
🌹A warrior queen who gave her life in defence of her freedom and motherland, Rani Abbakka remained a major thorn in the Portuguese’ side throughout her rule despite their superior military power. This itself speaks volumes about her courage and ingenuity. Yet her splendid story remains largely forgotten by history books.
🌹The good news is that the legendary queen of Ullal continues to live on in the folk culture of the Dakshin Kannada region (through Bhuta Kola and Yakshagana). In the recent years, her story has been gradually coming to public attention.
🌹Dakshin Kannada has been holding an annual celebration in her memory (Veera Rani Abbakka Utsava) for the last few years.
🌹So will our children and grandchildren learn about the Great Queen Of The South?
